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Single crystal sapphire possesses a unique conbination of excellent optical, physical and chemical properties. The hardest of the oxide crytals, Sapphire retains its high strength at high temperatures, has good thermal properties and excellent transparency. Sapphire is anistropic hexagonal crystal. Its properties depend on Crystallographic direction (relative to the optical C axis).
Sapphire Substrates are oriented to R,C,A or M axis. The three major forms of Sapphire are:
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CZ Sapphire - highest quality crystalline structure, dielectric isolations and uniform dielectric.
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R Plane - This sapphire is used in microelectronic IC applications
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Basal Plane Substrates - Used in optical applications.
Diamond Wire used on a Multi-Wire Saw is the primary choice for production of sapphire wafers. Cutting the wafers Tangentially (concentrically applying force to the cut) allows for a lapping quality of cut as well as highly parallel cuts.
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